Dr. Vadym Zayetsv.zayets(at)gmail.com |
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more Chapters on this topic:IntroductionTransport Eqs.Spin Proximity/ Spin InjectionSpin DetectionBoltzmann Eqs.Band currentScattering currentMean-free pathCurrent near InterfaceOrdinary Hall effectAnomalous Hall effect, AMR effectSpin-Orbit interactionSpin Hall effectNon-local Spin DetectionLandau -Lifshitz equationExchange interactionsp-d exchange interactionCoercive fieldPerpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA)Voltage- controlled magnetism (VCMA effect)All-metal transistorSpin-orbit torque (SO torque)What is a hole?spin polarizationCharge accumulationMgO-based MTJMagneto-opticsSpin vs Orbital momentWhat is the Spin?model comparisonQuestions & AnswersEB nanotechnologyReticle 11
more Chapters on this topic:IntroductionTransport Eqs.Spin Proximity/ Spin InjectionSpin DetectionBoltzmann Eqs.Band currentScattering currentMean-free pathCurrent near InterfaceOrdinary Hall effectAnomalous Hall effect, AMR effectSpin-Orbit interactionSpin Hall effectNon-local Spin DetectionLandau -Lifshitz equationExchange interactionsp-d exchange interactionCoercive fieldPerpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA)Voltage- controlled magnetism (VCMA effect)All-metal transistorSpin-orbit torque (SO torque)What is a hole?spin polarizationCharge accumulationMgO-based MTJMagneto-opticsSpin vs Orbital momentWhat is the Spin?model comparisonQuestions & AnswersEB nanotechnologyReticle 11
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Volt 54A Ta(2.5 nm)/ FeB(1.1 nm)/ MgO(6 nm)/ Ta(1 nm)/ Ru(5 nm)Measurement of magnetic and magneto- transport properties of nanomagnets. Measurement data.Abstract:High- precision, high- reproducibility, high- repeatability measurement of magnetic and magneto- transport properties of ferromagnetic nanomagnets using the Hall effectHigh-precision measurement of effect of spin-orbit torque (SOT effect): Dependence of magnetic and magneto- transport properties on electrical currentHigh-precision measurement of effect of voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA effect): Dependence of magnetic and magneto- transport properties on a gate voltageMeasurements
(measurement 1) Measurement of Hall angle vs external perpendicular magnetic field (1.2) Spin-orbit torque: Measurement of dependence of Hall angle, Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), Inverse Spin Hall effect on current magnitude and polarity. (1.3) VCMA: Measurement of dependence of Hall angle, Anomalous Hall effect (AHE), Inverse Spin Hall effect on gate voltage (measurement 2) Measurement of anisotropy field vs external perpendicular magnetic field (2.1) Measurement of PMA & Anisotropy field (2.2) Spin-orbit torque: ""Field- like torque" ""Damp- like torque". Measurement of dependence of PMA on the electrical current . (2.3) VCMA: ""Field- like torque" ""Damp- like torque". Measurement of dependence of PMA on gate voltage. (measurement 3) Measurement of magnetization switching under external perpendicular magnetic field Coercive field is about 40 Oe and retention time is about a few minutes. The retention time is too short for a precise measurement.
Details of Measurement Methods are here
Volt54A (Ret14) Ta(2.5 nm)/ FeB(1.1 nm)/ MgO(6 nm)/ Ta(1 nm)/ Ru(5 nm)
fabrication: Ret14 (stepper only, no EB) MgO 220C/360C Raw data Volt54A.zip (.dat files and origin 9 files) (7zip (free) download is here)Conductivity: 0.055-0.06 S/m2 Anisotropy field Hanis =2.5 kGauss Coercive field = 20 Oe-70 Oe; Hall angle measured=320- 370 mdeg Intrinsic Hall angle of FeB= 1047 - 1211 mdeg; Gap region etched: FeB is partially etched, stopped in middle of FeB
size: all samples:nanowire width: 3 μm; nanomagnet length: 3 μm
magnetization- switching parameters: retention time τret (gate): L68-> 105 s; R26-> 103.9 s; L34-> 104 s; size of nucleation domain: (gate): L68-> 70 nm; R26-> 64 nm; L34-> 70 nm coercive field Hc: (gate): L68-> 34 G; R26->32 G R43-> 26 G parameter Δ : (gate): L68-> 185; R26->134; L34-> 190
Since the nanowire is double- layer, which consists of Ta and FeB layer, the Hall angle αHall, FeB in FeB can be calculated from measured Hall angle αHall, measured (See here) as where tFeB, tTa, σFeB,σTa are thicknesses and conductivities of FeB and Ta metals.
kdouble=3.2727
size: all samples:nanowire width: 3 μm; nanomagnet length: 3 μm
(measurement 1) Measurement of Hall angle vs external perpendicular magnetic field Hz
Fitting of Hall angleThe Hall angle αHall , its 1st derivation ∂αHall/∂Hz and its 2d derivation ∂2αHall/∂Hz2 is simultaneously fitted by equation (See here) where αOHE is Hall angle of Ordinary Hall effect, αAHE is Hall angle of Anomalous Hall effect and where αISHE is Hall angle of Inverse Spin Hall effect There is an ambiguity for αISHE and αAHE, which depends on unknown spin polarization sp where sp is the spin polarization of conduction electrons, αAHE,0.5 is αAHE at sp=0.5, αISHE,0.5 is αISHE at sp=0.5 result of fitting:sample:( L16B) αISHE,0.5= 395 mdeg; αAHE,0.5= 627 mdeg; αOHE=0.2 mdeg/kG; Hp=5.37 kG; sample:( L20) αISHE,0.5= 424 mdeg; αAHE,0.5= 717 mdeg; αOHE=0.2 mdeg/kG; Hp=5.35 kG; sample:( L70) αISHE,0.5= 351 mdeg; αAHE,0.5= 695 mdeg; αOHE=0.2 mdeg/kG; Hp=5.84 kG; sample:( R26) αISHE,0.5= 549 mdeg; αAHE,0.5= 672 mdeg; αOHE=0.2 mdeg/kG; Hp=6.14 kG; sample:( R66) αISHE,0.5= 405 mdeg; αAHE,0.5= 698 mdeg; αOHE=0.2 mdeg/kG; Hp=5.33 kG;
AHE & ISHE vs current & current polarity. SOT effectMeasurement 1. Dependence of Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) & Inverse Spin Hall effect (ISHE) on current and current polarity. Effect of Spin-Orbit Torque (SOT)
Features(temperature) dependence on current magnitude(AHE vs I2 ): strong 4% decrease at current of 50 mA/ μm2; (fig.4a) (ISHE vs I2 ):weak, 0.2 mdeg/kG decrease at 50 mA/ μm2 (fig.4b) (Spin- orbit torque) dependence on current polarity(AHE(I)-AHE(-I)):weak (most of samples); moderate 0.6 % (samples: R41,R42) slope: negative e; saturation: at 40 mA/ μm2; (fig.4c) (ISHE(I)-ISHE(-I)): very small (~0.1 mdeg/kG) (fig.4d)
AHE & ISHE vs gate voltage. VCMA effectMeasurement 1. Dependence of Anomalous Hall effect (AHE) & Inverse Spin Hall effect (ISHE) on gate voltage. Effect of Voltage-Controlled Magnetic Anisotropy (VCMA)
Features
dependence on gate voltage(AHE vs Vgate ): moderate 0.8 % ; slope: negative; saturation: none (ISHE vs Vgate ): moderate 0.3 mdeg/kG; slope: positive; saturation: none (measurement 2) Measurement of anisotropy field vs external perpendicular magnetic field Hzdetails about measurement method is here and here
Spin-orbit torque vs PMA
VCMA vs PMA
(measurement 3) Measurement of magnetization switching under external perpendicular magnetic field Hz
Coercive field is about 40 Oe and retention time is about a few minutes. The retention time is too short for a precise measurement.
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